{"id":749,"date":"2014-05-12T11:17:54","date_gmt":"2014-05-12T11:17:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/?p=749"},"modified":"2023-02-25T08:19:32","modified_gmt":"2023-02-25T08:19:32","slug":"dil-kultur-ve-edebiyat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/?p=749","title":{"rendered":"D\u0130L-K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE EDEB\u0130YAT"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><em>Binev\u015f EDESSA<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve iyi bileni olarak ya\u015fayan Neitzche bu edebi gidi\u015fata fena tepkili olup bu konuda k\u00fcf\u00fcre varan yaz\u0131lar yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn beddua ve felsefesi, bu edebiyat alanlar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Neitzche Latin dili ile H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi \u00e7ok iyi bilmektedir. Latince yarat\u0131lan tanr\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6klerini Ruh-\u00fbl Kud\u00fcs\u2019ten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Asl\u0131nda bu belirleme yeniden yarat\u0131lan ulus tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. \u201cTanr\u0131 olsayd\u0131 Neitzche durur muydu?\u201d c\u00fcmlesine tanr\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda en iyi sorgulayan peygamber olarak anlam vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Neitzche, \u201cZerd\u00fc\u015ft B\u00f6yle Buyurdu\u201d diyor. Bu kitap yeni yarat\u0131lan ulus devlete kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r adeta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yani k\u0131saca, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulus tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, Latincenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tanr\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l Ruh-\u00fbl Kud\u00fcs\u2019ten alm\u0131\u015fsa bunun da ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Neitzche bir filozoftur. Grek ve Latin edebiyat ve dilini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Homeros\u2019un Grek edebiyat\u0131yla Anadolu ve \u00f6ncesi Aryen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi iyi kavr\u0131yordu ki tanr\u0131 Apolon\u2019u kutsuyor. Bu bilmece o g\u00fcn\u00fcn her tarih\u00e7isi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bulu\u015ftur. Dilin do\u011fal k\u00f6kenine, farkl\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine uzanmak gibi Apollon\u2019u adeta sanat\u00e7\u0131 bir tanr\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O halde bu dil d\u00fczenlemeleri i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 kav\u015fak buluyoruz. Ne zaman bir tanr\u0131 ve ideolojik tanr\u0131 ya da sistem yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa i\u015fe dilden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1. Homeros Grek \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, 2. Latince H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, 3.Burjuva ulus devlet \u00e7a\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Latince H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 dil grameri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan semitik dillerden olduk\u00e7a yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. C\u00fcmle kal\u0131plar\u0131nda \u00f6zne-zamir-y\u00fcklem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 tarz\u0131 esas alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uzun s\u00fcre halk dili ile bu tanr\u0131 (devlet) dili aras\u0131nda adeta sava\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Kiliseler y\u0131llarca e\u011fitim verdi. E\u011fitimle \u00f6yle bir sava\u015f oldu ki Latince bilmeyen k\u00e2fir ilan edildi. Binlerce kad\u0131n\u0131n cad\u0131l\u0131k ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yak\u0131lmas\u0131, inan\u00e7 kadar dilden de kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. Ke\u015fi\u015fler k\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015f\u0131p dil dersi veriyordu. Halk do\u011fal dilini \u015fiir, dans ve co\u015fku d\u00fczeyinde yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ke\u015fi\u015fler engizisyon s\u00fcrecinde halk\u0131n dilini kiliselerde neredeyse yasaklay\u0131p g\u00fcnah ilan edeceklerdi. G\u00fclmeyi g\u00fcd\u00fcsel ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k- tanr\u0131dan uzakla\u015fma ve g\u00fcnaha \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirecek kadar ileri gitmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kav\u015fak olarak ulus devlet \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 belki de hepsini harmana \u00e7evirip r\u00fczg\u00e2rda savuracak bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. \u0130ngiltere dil bilimci Jux y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 Tevrat ve onun edebi dil ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na veren birisidir. Bir teolog olarak de\u011fil tabi, \u0130ngilizceyi Frans\u0131zca ve \u0130talyancadan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir dil haline getirmenin \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7erisindedir. \u00dcnl\u00fc Anglo-Sakson dilini 18.yy.da geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7abalamaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda \u0130ngilizce ses ve harf olarak yal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa bir ilkokul \u00f6\u011frencisinin \u00e7ok rahat \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011fi bir dildir. Ancak ses ve harf ili\u015fkisi bunu biraz engeller. Bu durum \u0130ngiliz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve edebiyat\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Tersine 18.yy. ulus devlet tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dilinden kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki b\u00fcy\u00fck dinin atomize edilen tanr\u0131lar\u0131 adeta par\u00e7alan\u0131p yeniden yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yeni toplum m\u00fchendisleri veya yarat\u0131lan, in\u015fa edilen toplumsal ger\u00e7eklik ulus olay\u0131nda dile b\u00f6yle yans\u0131maktad\u0131r. Yeni yeni bir dil yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (gramer ve kal\u0131b\u0131yla) \u0130ngiliz dili kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ahdi-Atik\u2019ten al\u0131r. Semitik hitabede zal-te harflerinin dil ve dudak u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a yararlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn diksiyon derslerinin dahi \u00fcnl\u00fc harfler \u00fczerinden verilmesi bu tecr\u00fcbeden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, dilin do\u011fal hali bu karma\u015fadan uzakt\u0131r. 18.yy. bilimi kendi b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi kadavraya \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Semitik gramer bir nevi Latince olarak terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. Bu anlamda bu gramer yoluyla do\u011fal dil \u00e7orakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kal\u0131ba uymayan ne kadar kelime varsa at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Her etkinlik, edebiyat arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir transfere dayan\u0131r ve tam bir terminolojinin do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar, yani dili yarat\u0131r. Fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda, belli etmeden ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak her etkinlik daha \u00f6nceden mevcut psikolojik ve dilsel \u015femalarla korunmu\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r, yani dilin etkisi alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Eskimolar\u0131n dilinde \u201csava\u015f\u201d kelimesinin olmamas\u0131, bu insan toplulu\u011funun y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcr\u00fcp gelen bu kavram hakk\u0131nda bilgisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir. Terk ettikten sonra onu yeniden dile sokmak i\u00e7in Rus\u00e7a \u201cordu\u201d kelimesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan esas kelimeyi b\u0131rak\u0131yorsa, burada askeri zihniyette bir yenilenmenin meydana geldi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2018Sa\u011f partiler\u2019 ve \u2018sol partiler\u2019 gibi soyut siyasi kavramlar, kutsal kitap devrine ve daha \u00f6tesindeki zamanlara kadar giden zihn\u00ee e\u011filimleri ortaya koyarlar. Bu sa\u011f ve sol b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ilk Avrupa yasama meclislerinin tarihiyle ili\u015fkilidir. Bu meclislerde ba\u015fkan genellikle bir muhafazak\u00e2rd\u0131r, liberalleri sol taraf\u0131nda oturturken muhafazak\u00e2rlar\u0131 sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda oturtarak onurland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131; bunu yaparken, iyilerin Tanr\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda oturduklar\u0131n\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fclerin ise solunda oturduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Irk\u00e7\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn di\u011ferlerinden daha fazla dilsel temele sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n dillerini anlamad\u0131klar\u0131 fertlerin varsay\u0131lan gevelemelerini taklit ederek \u2018barbare\u2019 kelimesini yaratmalar\u0131, bir\u00e7ok dilde yabanc\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen kelimenin (dilsiz) ve (sessiz) anlam\u0131yla ayr\u0131 olmas\u0131; baz\u0131 hastal\u0131k isimlerinin bir ba\u015fka ulusun ad\u0131ndan gelmeleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin, R\u00f6nesans devrinde Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n frengi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u2018Napoli hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019, \u0130talyanlar\u0131n da \u2018mal fran\u00e7ais\u2019 (Frans\u0131z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131) demeleri bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Tabular yani s\u00f6ylenmemesi gereken kelimeler ekseriya bir uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u011filimlerinin anlat\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. \u2018\u015eeytan\u2019 yerine \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc\u2019 ve di\u011fer kapal\u0131 anlat\u0131mlar \u2018\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019 i\u00e7in \u2018ortada yok\u2019 veya \u2018kay\u0131p\u2019 kelimelerinin kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 hep bir uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u011filimlerinin anlat\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Yani edebiyat \u015feytan\u0131 da mele\u011fi de yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Edebiyat K\u00fclt\u00fcrden \u00c7\u0131kar, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yarat\u0131r, Edebiyat\u0131n Sanat\u0131 da Budur<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sanat ve edebiyat karanl\u0131\u011fa \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, insanlara gelecekte ya\u015fayabilecekleri bir d\u00fcnya modeli de sunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Napolyon: \u201cRousseau olmasayd\u0131 Frans\u0131z Devrimi olmazd\u0131\u201d derken bunu en \u00f6zl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde dile getirmi\u015ftir. Yine 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiliz devlet adamlar\u0131ndan Lord John Norley: \u201cRousseau Avrupa fikir hayat\u0131na yeni bir kutsal kitap getirmi\u015ftir.\u201d Goethe de Emilie i\u00e7in \u201c\u00c7ocuk e\u011fitiminin tabiattan do\u011fan \u0130ncil\u2019i\u201d demi\u015ftir. Cumhuriyet ordusunun askerlerinden biri \u201cAh Jean Jaques, sa\u011f olmal\u0131yd\u0131n da bug\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmeliydin. Devrimin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldun hepimizi yaz\u0131lar\u0131nla ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131n.\u201d derken bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi en yal\u0131n haliyle ifade etmi\u015ftir. Sanat ve edebiyat\u0131n i\u015flevine ve toplum ya\u015fam\u0131na olan etkisine bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek \u00c7erni\u015fevsky\u2019nin Nas\u0131l Ya\u015famal\u0131? Roman\u0131, Dostoyevsky\u2019nin Su\u00e7 ve Ceza\u2019s\u0131 Rus toplumunu nihayetinde Ekim Devrimine kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihinde buna benzer bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu rol g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha da yak\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyal anlamda rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n yabanc\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, do\u011fadan kopmas\u0131, do\u011fay\u0131 tahrip etmesi, mek\u00e2n\u0131n esiri olmas\u0131 do\u011fal olarak sosyal ili\u015fkilerde de bozulmay\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Toplumsal alt \u00fcst olu\u015flar\u0131, devrimleri, ayd\u0131nlanmay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan sanat ve edebiyat kapitalist d\u00fcnyada s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sisteminin devam\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmezli\u011fi inanc\u0131n\u0131n bireye ve topluma kabul ettirilmesinde, yine bu ama\u00e7la bireyi ve toplumu y\u00f6nlendirmede adi bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece sanat\u0131 ve sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 hakikati arama konumundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u00e7arp\u0131tma, tersy\u00fcz etme derekesine indirgemi\u015ftir. Adeta yalan\u0131n hakikatmi\u015f, as\u0131l olanm\u0131\u015f gibi topluma sunulmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir ara\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur. Sonu\u00e7ta yalanlar \u00fczerine kurulu insan ili\u015fkileri ve toplumsal ili\u015fkiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1880\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131nda -ki bu d\u00f6nem ayd\u0131nlanma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dorukta ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r- sanat ve edebiyat\u0131n birey ve toplum \u00fczerindeki etkileri -hem olumlu hem de olumsuz- tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda; toplumda artan su\u00e7 oran\u0131 ve cinayet vakalar\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7\u0131kan romanlardan kaynakl\u0131, art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve hatta bireyi, toplumu su\u00e7a te\u015fvik etti\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na Sthendal \u015f\u00f6yle kat\u0131lmakta: \u201cBir eser, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yol \u00fczerinde dola\u015fan bir aynaya benzer. Bu ayna g\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcnde kah g\u00f6klerin p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz mavili\u011fini, kah yol \u00fczerindeki batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7amur ve pisli\u011fini aksettirir.\u201d der.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan bu de\u011ferlendirmede tabi ki bug\u00fcn sanat\u00e7\u0131 ve edebiyat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fc daha da katmerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sadece ayna tutmakla yetinmez, ayn\u0131 zamanda hem p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz mavili\u011fi hem de batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u00e7amur ve pisli\u011fin neden olu\u015ftu\u011funu, nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurutup renk renk \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir do\u011fa harikas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmenin yolunu g\u00f6sterme sorumlulu\u011funu da ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu sorumluluk olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli ve vicdanidir. Bunun yan\u0131nda hakikati arama konusunda sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ve edebiyat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n omuzlar\u0131ndaki tarihi bir sorumluluktur da.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Enrica Ferri bu konuda \u015funu belirtir: \u201cUnutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki manevi ve ahlaki buhran, sosyal buhran\u0131n bir sonucudur.\u201d Bu de\u011ferlendirmesiyle Sthendal\u2019a kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bir su\u00e7 bata\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen toplumda, insanlar\u0131 su\u00e7a te\u015fvik eden mikroplar\u0131n zaten bulundu\u011funu ve bunu g\u00f6sterdi diye sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n, edebiyat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu \u00e7ok isabetli bir belirlemedir. Zaten sanat\u00e7\u0131 ve edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6stermezse insanl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r bir vebal alt\u0131na girer. Ve \u00f6nemli bir soru olarak sosyal buhran\u0131 yaratan ve bunu topluma kadermi\u015f gibi g\u00f6steren bir sistemin sorgulanmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sthendal ve Ferri\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar bilimin ba\u015f\u0131na bela olan \u2018yalan\u2019\u0131n sanata girmesini engelleme ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r. Ve bu hususta sanat\u00e7\u0131 ve edebiyat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel sorumlulu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekilmektedir. O d\u00f6nemde sanata bula\u015fan bu hastal\u0131k maalesef g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha da kronik bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplumdan, do\u011fadan kopan sanat ve edebiyat s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sisteminin pazar\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015fa sunulan bir meta olmu\u015ftur. J. J. Rousseau halk\u0131n i\u00e7indeydi. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, sefaletini, sevin\u00e7lerini, duygular\u0131n\u0131 insanlar aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fin, yoksullu\u011fun yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ruhunun derinliklerinde hissetmi\u015f, ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve bunu \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015fen eserlerinde i\u015flemi\u015ftir. Yine Dostoyevski be\u015f y\u0131l k\u00fcrek mahkumu olmu\u015f, iki y\u0131l da s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda zorunlu askerlik yaparken, halk\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131lar\u0131, \u0131st\u0131raplar\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama onurlu d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131y\u0131p anlad\u0131ktan sonra Su\u00e7 ve Ceza gibi bir yap\u0131t\u0131 yaratabilmi\u015ftir. Biz bug\u00fcnde bu yap\u0131tlarda bizden \u00f6nceki nesiller gibi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ya da toplumun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131, \u00e7eli\u015fkileri g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. B\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7tenlikleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u015fkla ger\u00e7e\u011fi aram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Peki ya bug\u00fcn?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Binev\u015f EDESSA Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve iyi bileni olarak ya\u015fayan Neitzche bu edebi gidi\u015fata fena tepkili olup bu konuda k\u00fcf\u00fcre varan yaz\u0131lar yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn beddua ve felsefesi, bu edebiyat alanlar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Neitzche Latin dili ile H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi \u00e7ok iyi bilmektedir. Latince yarat\u0131lan tanr\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6klerini Ruh-\u00fbl Kud\u00fcs\u2019ten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-ve-sanat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=749"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":751,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749\/revisions\/751"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}