{"id":807,"date":"2019-06-27T14:19:43","date_gmt":"2019-06-27T14:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/?p=807"},"modified":"2023-02-26T11:25:10","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T11:25:10","slug":"ezidiligin-kisa-tarihcesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/?p=807","title":{"rendered":"\u00caZ\u0130D\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130N KISA TAR\u0130H\u00c7ES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u00fcm K\u00fcrdistan tarihinde oldu\u011fu gibi Ezidi K\u00fcrtlerin de yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir tarihi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in belgelere dayanarak Ezidili\u011fin hangi tarihlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak ortaya koymak olduk\u00e7a zor olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Ezidi alimlerinin ve din bilginlerinin anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Ezidili\u011fin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair baz\u0131 tespitlere gidebiliriz.<\/div>\n
Ezidi din alimlerinin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Ezidilik; tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 \u0130brahimi dinlerden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceleri varolan arilerin en eski dinidir. \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda Mezopotamya, M\u0131s\u0131r, Hindistan, Afganistan, \u0130ran gibi \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n ortak tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. G\u00fcne\u015f ayn\u0131 zamanda Hitit uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da binbir tanr\u0131lar\u0131ndan en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konumundad\u0131r. \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru yava\u015f yava\u015f tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 silinmekte veya kaybolmakta ama ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde temel elementleri olu\u015fturan g\u00fcne\u015f, ay, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar (g\u00f6kteki 3 temel element), ate\u015f, toprak, su ve hava (yerdeki 4 kutsal element)\u00a0 kutsall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar Mezopotamya din k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde s\u00fcrd\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir. Egemen erkek ideolojisi temelinde \u015fekillenen tanr\u0131lar ve dinler uzun bir zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde kad\u0131n\u0131n iradesini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tan tanr\u0131\u00e7alar ve dinlere bask\u0131n gelerek tanr\u0131\u00e7a k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc gittik\u00e7e silikle\u015fmeye erkek tanr\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc gittik\u00e7e daha bask\u0131n bir konuma ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu dini k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde g\u00fcne\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131 konumuna y\u00fckselerek tanr\u0131sal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir. Pers ve Med inan\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Mitra, M\u0131s\u0131r inan\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ra, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz K\u00fcrdistan\u0131n da ise Ro olarak g\u00fcne\u015f uzun bir zaman kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
Ezidi din alimleri ezidili\u011fin k\u00f6kenini Mitraizmin Mezopotamya’da yayg\u0131n bir din oldu\u011fu d\u00f6neme\u00a0 dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r ki G\u00fcne\u015fin bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131 olan Mitra ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n sembolize eden ba\u015fl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ezidili\u011fin Mitra dininin yayg\u0131n olarak kabul\u00a0 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6neme tekab\u00fcl etmesi kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Fakat Ezidilik Mitra inanc\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Mitraizmde Mitra’n\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn 26 Aral\u0131k oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. 26 Aral\u0131k\u00a0 Zerd\u00fc\u015ft’\u00fcn do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra Hz. \u0130sa’n\u0131n da do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ezidiler bu tarihte b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bayram olan Cejna Ezi’yi kutlamaktad\u0131r ki, bu bayram da 26 Aral\u0131k’a tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. Bunlarla \u015fu noktaya dikkat \u00e7ekilmektedir. 26 Aral\u0131k ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcnlerin uzamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 d\u00f6nenceye denk gelmektedir.\u00a0 Ezidilikten \u00e7ok daha\u00a0 sonralar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Mitran\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc, Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc ve en son olarak da Hz. \u0130sa’\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olan 26 aral\u0131k Ezidi inan\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan esinlenerek al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat Ezidi inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temeli \u00e7ok daha eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Yani \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki ku\u015flara ve y\u0131lana sayg\u0131 duyulan \u00e7a\u011flara kadar gitmektedir.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Ezidi inanc\u0131nda Tawisi Melek 7 mele\u011fin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve t\u00fcm meleklerin ba\u015f\u0131 olarak kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. Ku\u015flara ve y\u0131lanlara h\u00fcrmet g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 6 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayanmaktad\u0131r ki, Urfa G\u00f6bekli Tepe’deki kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ibadet merkezindeki ta\u015f s\u00fct\u00fcn kabartmalar\u0131nda ku\u015f (Turna) ve y\u0131lan resimlerini g\u00f6rmekteyiz ve bu ibadethanenin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 12 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gitmektedir. Ku\u015fa h\u00fcrmet Alevi inanc\u0131nda da vard\u0131r ve Alevi semahlar\u0131ndan birinin ismi de Turna Semah\u0131’d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 vurgulamam\u0131zda ki kas\u0131t, Ezidilik Mezopotamya inan\u00e7 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmakta ama zaman i\u00e7inde d\u00fcalist inan\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frayarak tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir din olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kendisini ya\u015famsal k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131mlardan \u015funu rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki Ezidilik \u0130brahimi dinlerden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceleri tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 din olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir tarihleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de Ezidili\u011fin k\u00f6keni tam olarak bilinmemektedir.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckte hay\u0131r ve \u015fer tanr\u0131s\u0131 \u015feklinde d\u00fcalistik bir inan\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z konusudur. Ezidili\u011fin Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta; Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckte d\u00fcalist bir inan\u0131\u015f hakim iken Ezidilikte \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 inan\u0131\u015f yerini tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 inanca b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm tanr\u0131lar art\u0131k Ezidilikte bir tek tanr\u0131da somutla\u015fmaktad\u0131r ki, bir Qawl’de tanr\u0131n\u0131n binbir isminin oldu\u011fu, bu isimlerden en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de Xweda oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Ayr\u0131ca Danimarkal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Arthur Christiansen; \u0130.\u00d6 2334 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Ezida ve Esagila tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki ayinlerin, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00cazidilerin ayin ve t\u00f6renlerinin benzeri oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu tarih ise 2. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft diye bilinen Hu\u015feng d\u00f6nemine denk gelmektedir ki, Ezidili\u011fin 2. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft olan Hu\u015feng d\u00f6neminde tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir din olarak kendisini \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Ayr\u0131ca Ezidilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bayramlar\u0131ndan biri olan Cejna \u00cazi’nin en az 4200 y\u0131ld\u0131r kutlanageldi\u011fini Ezidi din alimi olan Pe\u015fmam Xelef \u0130do \u00c7elki? de iddia etmektedir.<\/div>\n
K\u00fcrtlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok halk\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131 konumunda olan g\u00fcne\u015f yani Mitra, Ra, Ro zaman i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrt inanc\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011frayarak yerini tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 inanca b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama g\u00fcne\u015f kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bir \u015fey yitirmemi\u015ftir. Ezidi K\u00fcrt inanc\u0131nda Ezidilerin k\u0131blesi konumunda olan g\u00fcne\u015f Alevi K\u00fcrtlerde’de hala kutsal say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ezidiler de di\u011fer t\u00fcm inan\u0131\u015flarda oldu\u011fu gibi tek tanr\u0131ya inan\u0131rken g\u00fcne\u015f bir k\u0131ble olarak Ezidi inan\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kutsal yerini korumaya devam etmektedir. Ezidilik giderek mitraizmden ve d\u00fcalist felsefeyi esas alan Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckten ayr\u0131larak tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir din olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Nas\u0131l ki Yahudilik sadece \u0130srail halk\u0131n\u0131n dini olarak toplumsal tarihteki yerini alm\u0131\u015fsa, Ezidilik’te sadece K\u00fcrtlerin dini inanc\u0131 olarak kendisini var etmi\u015ftir. Ezidilik K\u00fcrtlerin kadim dinidir ve K\u00fcrtler \u0130slamiyeti kabul ettikten sonra hem siyasal irade olarak ve hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak \u00e7ok \u015feyini yitirmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00cazidi Kelimesinin K\u00f6keni<\/div>\n
K\u00f6ken olarak Ezda (Ez-da) yani beni verdi, beni yaratt\u0131 anlam\u0131nda kullanmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 anlama gelen Xwed\u00eada kelimesini de kullanmaktad\u0131rlar ki, Xwed\u00eada g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yayg\u0131nca \u00cazidiler aras\u0131nda erkek ismi olarak da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Zazaca’da Mazda (Maz-da)= bizi veren=Allah verdi<\/div>\n
Kurmanci de Xweda (Xwe-da)= Allah verdi<\/div>\n
Ezda = Bizi veren= Tanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00cazidilikteki di\u011fer ad\u0131<\/div>\n
\u00cazidilikte binbir ismi olan Allah\u0131n isimlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Xweda oldu\u011funa dair bir qewl’de \u015f\u00f6yle denmektedir;<\/div>\n
\u00caz\u00ee, Ezda, \u00cazd, Xweda, Yezdan, Pad\u015fa, Meda Allah’\u0131n binbir isimlerinden birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Bu anlamda \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr; \u00cazidili\u011fin k\u00f6keni \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcm tanr\u0131lar toplam\u0131d\u0131r diyebiliriz. \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinden tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dine ge\u00e7i\u015fin n\u00fcvelerini i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Hurri ve Hitit k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki binbir tanr\u0131 olgusu \u00cazidilikte giderek tek tanr\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte ama bu tek tanr\u0131 her \u015feyi yaratan oldu\u011fu ve bir \u015firikinin yani orta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de di\u011fer t\u00fcm isimleri kendisinde somutla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nemleri ya\u015fayan do\u011fal toplumdaki mitoslar, de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frayarak ve g\u00fcncellenerek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar da s\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
Mezopotamya k\u00fclt\u00fcr mozai\u011finin en renkli temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturan ve varolu\u015fundan beri kendi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc korumay\u0131 ba\u015faran \u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin dinsel kimliklerinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra, ulusal kimlikleri \u00fczerinde de sistemli bir dejenere etme ve \u00e7arp\u0131tma politikalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve hala da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir.<\/div>\n
\u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin K\u00fcrt olmad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki propagandalar; ba\u015fta Kafkasya \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeleri olmak \u00fczere, \u015eengal y\u00f6resindeki \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler \u00fczerinde de etki yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunda, Tarihte \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler \u00fczerinde bir\u00e7ok katliam ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Arap ve Osmanl\u0131 devletinin yan\u0131nda yer alan baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i aile ya da a\u015firetlerinin de \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Oysa \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve gelene\u011fini bin y\u0131llard\u0131r ya\u015fatarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar getirmi\u015flerdir. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’nin Kurmanci leh\u00e7esiyle konu\u015fan \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler, K\u00fcrt gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerini ya\u015fayan, dinsel ibadetleri ve dualar\u0131 K\u00fcrt\u00e7e olan, hatta kutsal kitaplar\u0131 olan M\u0131shefa Re\u015f ile Celwa da\u00a0 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir halkt\u0131r, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131d\u0131r. Hatta baz\u0131 kesimler, “\u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 dahi K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fuyor” demektedirler.<\/div>\n
Arap ordular\u0131, islamiyeti k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 zoruyla yaymak i\u00e7in \u00e7evredeki \u00fclkelerle birlikte K\u00fcrdistan’a da ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlemi\u015fler ve bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00cazidi, Zerd\u00fc\u015fti ve Mitraist olan K\u00fcrtler, uzun bir s\u00fcre \u0130slamiyete kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir direni\u015f sergilemi\u015flerdir. \u0130slamiyeti ve Arapla\u015fmay\u0131 reddeden K\u00fcrtler, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliamla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130slamiyeti kabul etmeyen K\u00fcrtlerin Arap ordular\u0131nca Musul’dan Siirt’e kadar yol boyunca as\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmektedir. K\u00fcrtleri Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckten vazge\u00e7irmek ve \u0130slamiyeti kabul ettirmek i\u00e7in kutsal yerler yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, insanlar topluca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, kad\u0131nlar cariye olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Katliam, diaspora, zoraki m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ancak 1,5 milyon \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Bu \u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise kendi yurtlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f, g\u00f6\u00e7ertilmi\u015f, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler; G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan, Bat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan, Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan, Ermenistan, G\u00fcrcistan, Ukrayna ve Rusya’da ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise Avrupa’da \u00f6zellikle de Almanya’da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
K\u00fcrtlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmi\u015flerdir. Etkinli\u011fi giderek zay\u0131flayan Mitraizm, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck ve \u00cazidilik bu vah\u015fet ve katliam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yeni formlarda kendini ifade etmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra Zerd\u00fc\u015fti ve \u00cazidi K\u00fcrtlerle, \u0130slamiyeti kabul eden K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda uzun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanarak ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelecektir. Bu \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda \u00caz\u00eed\u00eelik yeniden \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Tam da bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyaya gelen \u015e\u00eaxadi, \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeli\u011fe belli kurallar getirerek bir reformasyona tabi tutacak ama bu reformlar \u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin katliamdan kurtulmas\u0131na yetmeyecektir. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler 72 katliamdan \u00e7\u0131karak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelebilmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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EZ\u0130D\u0130L\u0130K VE \u015eEXAD\u0130<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Ezidili\u011fin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015feklini almas\u0131nda, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan \u015e\u00eax Adi bin Misafir’in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/div>\n
1075 y\u0131l\u0131nda L\u00fcbnan’da B\u00eatil Far (bug\u00fcn Hirbet Kanafar) k\u00f6y\u00fcnde, d\u00fcnyaya gelen \u015e\u00eaxadi bin Musafir,\u00a0 \u00a0Hakk\u00e2rili K\u00fcrt boylar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde olan \u015eexan civar\u0131ndaki Lale\u015f Vadisi’ne yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 \u015e\u00eaxadi daha sonra yeniden atalar\u0131n\u0131n diyar\u0131na gelerek Mitraizm ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir sentezini yaparak \u00cazidileri kendi etraf\u0131nda toplamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir s\u00f6ylenceye g\u00f6re \u015eexadi s\u00fclalesi \u0130slamyetin ilk yay\u0131lma d\u00f6neminde teslim olmam\u0131\u015f ve g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. Kimisine\u00a0 g\u00f6re \u015eexadi Arap oldu\u011fu iddia edilsede bu do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bir kan\u0131t yoktur.<\/div>\n
\u00a0Kendisine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan insanlara g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcden dolay\u0131, bu insanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u015e\u00eaxadi; ?zaman\u0131n m\u00fccahidi? gibi s\u0131fatlarla adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1162’de Lale\u015f’te vefat etti. T\u00fcrbesi burada bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n

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SOSYAL \u00d6RG\u00dcTLENME<\/strong><\/div>\n
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1975 sonras\u0131nda Saddam, \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeleri k\u00f6ylerinden kopararak M\u00fccemmalara (k\u00f6y-kent) zorla yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve k\u00f6ylerini bo\u015faltarak y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 yerlere sonradan Arap k\u00f6yleri kurulmu\u015ftur ve b\u00f6ylece D\u0131hok’tan Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar uzanan \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee co\u011frafyas\u0131 demografik a\u00e7\u0131dan par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler yo\u011funluklu olarak \u015eengal da\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresinde ve \u015e\u00eaxan’da\u00a0 konumlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli bask\u0131-soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerden dolay\u0131 Urfa’dan, Mardin’den, Xerzan’dan, Botan’dan, ka\u00e7arak \u015eengal \u00e7evresine yerle\u015fen \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler, 3 A\u011fustos 2014 katliam\u0131ndan sonra birkez daha yerlerinden yurtlar\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7ertilmi\u015flerdir. DA\u0130\u015e katliam\u0131ndan sonra \u015eengal da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki m\u00fccemmalarda (merkez k\u00f6ylerde) Ezidiler g\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle ikamet etmemektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u015eengal da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde, \u015eengal da\u011f\u0131nda ve \u015eengal kent merkezinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.<\/div>\n

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G\u00d6\u00c7 VE YERLE\u015e\u0130M ALANLARI<\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u015eengal \u015fehrinin kendisi \u015eengal da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u015eengal \u015fehri bir ovada kurulmu\u015ftur ve ova susuzdur. Hi\u00e7bir akarsu bulunmamaktad\u0131r g\u00fcneyde, sadece Solak suyu az miktarda akmaktad\u0131r. Su ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 70-100 m derinlikte \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan kuyu sular\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131rlar. \u015eengal da\u011f\u0131 ovan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bulunan ve Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan Musul’a ba\u011fl\u0131 bir T\u00fcrkmen kasabas\u0131 olan Telafer’e do\u011fru uzanan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1900 m y\u00fcksekli\u011finde bir tek da\u011fd\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde birka\u00e7 k\u00f6y bulunmaktad\u0131r ama as\u0131l yerle\u015fim g\u00fcney ve kuzey b\u00f6lgesindeki oval\u0131k kesimdedir. M\u00fccemmalar da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u015eengal \u015fehri 3 A\u011fustos 2014 DAI\u015e sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra harabeye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
DA\u0130\u015e katliam\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u015eengal Ezidilerinin n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 bin civar\u0131ndayd\u0131 fakat bu say\u0131 katliam sonras\u0131nda \u00e7ok azalm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u015eengal katliam\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an Ezidilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu hala G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan’daki kamplarda ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Rojava’daki Newroz kamp\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u015eengal ve k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015fayan Ezidi n\u00fcfusu yar\u0131yar\u0131ya azalm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan’\u0131n, Mardin- Midyat, \u015eanl\u0131urfa- Viran\u015fehir, Siirt-Kurtalan, Batman-Be\u015firi, Diyarbak\u0131r-Bismil ve \u00c7\u0131nar il\u00e7eleri ile Hakk\u00e2ri ilinin baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015fayan \u00cazid\u00eeler’in bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki yakla\u015f\u0131k toplam say\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en fazla 1000 (bin) civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funun \u00cazid\u00eelere y\u00f6nelik katliam ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131 sonucunda T\u00fcrkiye’den g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalan \u00cazid\u00eeler, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Avrupa’n\u0131n Almanya, Fransa ve Bel\u00e7ika \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir ve g\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u00cazid\u00eeler’in geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar\u0131na devlet\u00e7e el konulmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra da \u00cazidiler ve gayrim\u00fcslimler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 ve katliamlar devam etmi\u015ftir. \u00cazid\u00eeler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 ve katliam politikalar\u0131 yo\u011fun olarak 1900-1940 aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti devletinin de Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan’daki \u00cazidilere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131 ve katliam politikalar\u0131 devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle A\u011fr\u0131, Wan,\u00a0 Kars, Mu\u015f, Cud\u00ee, Silop\u00ee, \u015eirnex, Amed, S\u00eart, Riha, Antep, M\u00eard\u00een ve di\u011fer yerlerde ya\u015fayan binlerce \u00cazidi katledilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\u00d6zellikle de Ermeni katliam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fczbinleri bulan \u00cazidi katliam\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ama bu b\u00fcy\u00fck katliam Ermeni katliam\u0131 i\u00e7inde eriyerek fazla haf\u0131zalara kaz\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f, adeta unutturulmu\u015ftur. Ermeni katliam\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda katliamdan kurtulan baz\u0131 \u00cazidiler ka\u00e7arak \u00f6nce Serhat y\u00f6resine, devam eden sald\u0131r\u0131lardan dolay\u0131 oradan da Ermenistan ve G\u00fcrcistan’a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u0131n g\u00fcney \u015fehirlerinde ya\u015fayan \u00cazidiler ise ya Suriye’ye ya da G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan’da bulunan \u015eengal’a g\u00f6\u00e7etmi\u015flerdir. Nusaybin ve Midyat’ta ya\u015fayan Hev\u00ear\u00ee ve Dasin\u00ee a\u015firetinde binlerce \u00cazid\u00ee G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan’a g\u00f6\u00e7etmi\u015flerdir. Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan’da say\u0131lar\u0131 onbinleri bulan \u00cazidiler, bask\u0131, katliam ve g\u00f6\u00e7ertme politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ancak bin civar\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00cazidilerin k\u00f6yleri, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerler, kutsal yerleri sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve mallar\u0131 talan edilmi\u015ftir. Bu politikalar sonucunda bo\u015falt\u0131lan \u00cazidi k\u00f6ylerine ve yerle\u015fim yerlerine g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde devlet taraf\u0131ndan ya korucular yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, ya da i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i di\u011fer K\u00fcrtler yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan’da ya\u015fayan \u00cazidiler ise daha \u00e7ok Lale\u015f, \u015eengal, \u015e\u00eaxan, Ninova, Baadr\u00ea, Musul, Bahzan, Ba\u015fika, Duhok ile Zaxo aras\u0131nda bulunan Xank\u00ea ve D\u00eareb\u00fbn (burada Asurilerle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar) k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. D\u0131hok-Zaxo aras\u0131nda onlarca \u00cazidi k\u00f6y\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Tarihte esas olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 alanlar; Hakkari, \u015eengal, \u015eexan, Serhat alanlar\u0131na kadar uzanan Zagros da\u011f silsilesi y\u00f6releridir ama yo\u011fun i\u015fgal ve istilalar s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki katliamlardan dolay\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgelerin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 terkederek, ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n
Bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerden en b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden birisi Kafkasya’ya do\u011fru olurken, di\u011fer ikinci g\u00f6\u00e7 g\u00fczergah\u0131 ise daha g\u00fcneye, Suriye ve Irak’a olmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
Yak\u0131n zamana kadar Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan, \u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin en yayg\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklardan biriydi. Yak\u0131n zamana kadar \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler; \u00f6zellikle Welat\u00ea Xalta denilen Siirt’in Kurtalan, Batman’\u0131n Be\u015firi b\u00f6lgesiyle, Mardin’in Nusaybin, Savur, Urfa’n\u0131n Virah\u015fehir, Ceylanp\u0131nar, Suru\u00e7, Diyarbak\u0131r’\u0131n \u00c7\u0131nar ve Bismil il\u00e7eleriyle merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 birka\u00e7 k\u00f6yde ya\u015farlard\u0131. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde Osmanl\u0131 devletinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze, inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131 ve katliama u\u011fram\u0131\u015f \u00cazidi n\u00fcfusu da giderek Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan’da azald\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyadaki toplam Ezidi n\u00fcfusu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 1,5 milyon civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
…<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sitemizde pdf dosyas\u0131 olarak “K\u00fcrdistan’da Ya\u015fayan Halklar ve \u0130nan\u00e7lar” konulu Kom\u00fcnar dergisinden okuyabilirsiniz.)<\/strong><\/div>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcm K\u00fcrdistan tarihinde oldu\u011fu gibi Ezidi K\u00fcrtlerin de yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir tarihi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in belgelere dayanarak Ezidili\u011fin hangi tarihlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak ortaya koymak olduk\u00e7a zor olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Ezidi alimlerinin ve din bilginlerinin anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Ezidili\u011fin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair baz\u0131 tespitlere gidebiliriz. Ezidi din alimlerinin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Ezidilik; tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 \u0130brahimi dinlerden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceleri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":808,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarihsel-toplum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=807"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":809,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807\/revisions\/809"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}