Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, y\u00fczeyde haritalar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi ama devletlerin ve toplumlar\u0131n siyasal anlam\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yeniden yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce Sykes-Picot Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla in\u015fa edilen b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczen g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde h\u00e2l\u00e2 ayakta olsa da, bu d\u00fczenin \u00fczerine kurulu merkez\u00ee ulus-devlet mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Art\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar de\u011fi\u015fmeden devletlerin rolleri de\u011fi\u015fmekte, ulus-devletler g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezleri olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve ekonomik-ticari, g\u00fcvenlik a\u011flar\u0131 klasik co\u011frafi siyasetle \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir. Bu yeni tabloda ABD, eski d\u00fczenin do\u011furdu\u011fu bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmak \u00fczere \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ad\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7evreleme stratejisini devreye sokmu\u015ftur. Bu stratejiyi anlamak, ABD\u2019nin son seksen y\u0131lda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 doktrinin Marshall Plan\u0131, Ye\u015fil Ku\u015fak ve \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yap\u0131sal s\u00fcreklili\u011fi g\u00f6rmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kapitalist modernite, sosyalizmin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in Avrupa\u2019da Marshall\u2019\u0131, Sovyetlerin g\u00fcney hatt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evrelemek i\u00e7in Ye\u015fil Ku\u015fak\u2019\u0131, bug\u00fcn ise \u00c7in\u2019in Avrasya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u015eii eksenini k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 devreye sokmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Marshall\u2019dan Ye\u015fil Ku\u015fak\u2019a, Sosyalizmi ve Sovyetleri Durduran \u00c7evreleme Zinciri<\/b><\/p>\n
II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Marshall Plan\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ekonomik yard\u0131m projesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 anda Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 sosyalizmin \u00e7ekiminden uzak tutmak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f stratejik bir ku\u015fatmayd\u0131. Yoksulluk ve y\u0131k\u0131m i\u00e7indeki Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n sosyalizme kayma ihtimali Washington taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Marshall yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla Avrupa ekonomisi canland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, dolar merkezli finans sistemi kuruldu ve NATO ile siyasal-asker\u00ee bir hizalama tesis edildi. Bu plan sosyalizmin bat\u0131ya yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen ilk \u00e7evreleme halkas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
1970\u2019lerde sosyalizmin yay\u0131lma hatt\u0131 Ortado\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Asya\u2019ya kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak, Filistin, Afganistan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyalar\u0131nda sol hareketlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeni bir risk yaratt\u0131. Bu kez Sovyetlerin g\u00fcney hatt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evrelemek i\u00e7in Ye\u015fil Ku\u015fak doktrini devreye sokuldu. Siyasal \u0130slam y\u00fckseltilirken sol hareketler bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, Pakistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye uzanan geni\u015f alanda \u0130slamc\u0131 hareketler desteklendi. Bu ku\u015fak Sovyet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcneyden \u00e7evreledi ama ayn\u0131 zamanda Ortado\u011fu\u2019da mezhep fay hatlar\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirdi, devletleri zay\u0131flatt\u0131 ve toplumsal dokuyu k\u0131r\u0131lganla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. K\u00fcrtler bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te her d\u00f6rt \u00fclkede de bast\u0131r\u0131lan ama gerekti\u011finde kullan\u0131lan, fakat hi\u00e7bir zaman stat\u00fc tan\u0131nmayan bir halk olarak sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itildi.<\/p>\n
Bu iki doktrin Marshall ve Ye\u015fil Ku\u015fak, ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel \u00e7evreleme stratejisinin ideolojik ve jeopolitik temellerini att\u0131. Bug\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc halka olan \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 devreye girmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sykes-Picot\u2019tan \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131na, \u00c7in-\u0130ran Ekseni ve \u0130\u015flev Temelli Devlet Modeli<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131, ABD\u2019nin Asya-Avrupa y\u00f6nelimli \u00c7in stratejisini ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u015eii jeopolitik koridorunu ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7evrelemek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7evreleme halkas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in Ku\u015fak-Yol projesi do\u011fu-bat\u0131 ekseninde Ortado\u011fu \u00fczerinden Akdeniz\u2019e eri\u015fmek isterken, \u0130ran kuzey-g\u00fcney ekseninde Tahran-Ba\u011fdat-\u015eam-Beyrut hatt\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyordu. ABD bu iki hatt\u0131 ekonomik ve mezhepsel e\u015f zamanl\u0131 kesmeye y\u00f6neldi. Bu nedenle \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde \u0130srail ile Arap \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda bir normalle\u015fme, g\u00fcvenlik, enerji koridorlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye alma y\u00f6n\u00fc olsa da \u00f6z\u00fcnde Avrasya\u2019daki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini yeniden \u015fekillendiren bir jeopolitik mimaridir.<\/p>\n
Bu yeni d\u00fczen Sykes-Picot\u2019tan farkl\u0131d\u0131r, Sykes-Picot topra\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcyordu, \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ise devletleri i\u015flevlere b\u00f6l\u00fcyor. Haritalar de\u011fi\u015fmeden devletlerin anlam\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiyor. ABD-\u0130srail \u00e7izgisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, merkez\u00ee ulus-devletler tehdit \u00fcretir, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, zay\u0131f, rol-temelli devletler ise istikrar sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle ama\u00e7 devletleri y\u0131kmak de\u011fil, onlar\u0131 fonksiyonel, zay\u0131f ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kapasitede tutmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu stratejinin mezhepsel ve siyasal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ise daha derindir. B\u00f6lgedeki S\u00fcnni n\u00fcfus T\u00fcrkiye ve Suriye\u2019de yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u015eii n\u00fcfus \u0130ran ve Irak\u2019ta \u015eii ve S\u00fcnni n\u00fcfus potansiyel tehlike olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f, her iki mezhepsel blok tarihsel rekabet i\u00e7indedir. Bu bloklar aras\u0131ndaki gerilimlere ra\u011fmen b\u00f6lge devletlerinin en yap\u0131sal k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mezhep de\u011fil K\u00fcrt meselesidir. \u0130srail\u2019in tarihsel g\u00fcvenlik perspektifine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak ve Suriye\u2019yi zay\u0131flatman\u0131n veya kontrol alt\u0131nda tutman\u0131n en kal\u0131c\u0131 yolu bu devletleri K\u00fcrt sorunu ile me\u015fgul etmek ya da K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgelerinde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131, yeni i\u015fleve g\u00f6re konumlanan \u00f6zerklik-federasyon modelleri geli\u015ftirerek merkezi devletlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamakt\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ABD-\u0130srail stratejisinden ibaret de\u011fildir, Sykes-Picot\u2019un tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin do\u011fal siyasal sonucudur. D\u00f6rt par\u00e7ada da bir K\u00fcrt stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, haritalar\u0131n de\u011fil, b\u00f6lgesel siyasal mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmekte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Fakat bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tarihsel sosyolojinin siyasi okuma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re halklara alan a\u00e7m\u0131yor, tam tersine halklar\u0131 i\u015flevsel b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7erisine \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz bir bi\u00e7imde entegre ederek \u00f6zne olmaktan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Dijital g\u00f6zetim teknolojileri, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k, siyasi blokaj, soyk\u0131r\u0131m tehtidi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel m\u00fchendislik halklar\u0131 r\u0131zaya dayal\u0131 ama y\u00f6nlendirilebilir kitlelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ulus-devletler rolle\u015ftiriliyor, yeni i\u015flevlere g\u00f6re tan\u0131ma kavu\u015fuyor, halklar da ayn\u0131 d\u00fczeyde fonksiyonelle\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fczenin i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n stratejik rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, enerji, su, lojistik, tampon b\u00f6lge ve g\u00fcvenlik hatlar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde duran K\u00fcrdistan hem \u00c7in\u2019in yollar\u0131n\u0131 kesen, hem \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u015eii hatt\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6len, hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgesel n\u00fcfuzunu s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu merkezi konum K\u00fcrtleri \u00f6znele\u015ftirmiyor, aksine daha s\u0131k\u0131 denetlenen bir jeopolitik unsur haline getiriyor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nderlik\u2019in \u201c\u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 benim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131yor\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn anlam\u0131 burada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu s\u00f6z bir onay de\u011fil, ulus-devletin merkezi ve tek\u00e7i yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihsel ger\u00e7e\u011fin do\u011fru okunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nderlik, ulus-devletin zay\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131 halklara otomatik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck alan\u0131 a\u00e7an bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak de\u011fil, do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde demokratik ulus \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi i\u00e7in imk\u00e2n \u00fcreten bir tarihsel k\u0131r\u0131lma olarak okur. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle \u00d6nderlik\u2019in bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0131srarla ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla devreye girme iste\u011fi ve esnek ama ayn\u0131 zamanda radikal ad\u0131mlarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm merkezine yerle\u015fme hamlesini do\u011fru okunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc demokratik bir proje ortaya koyamayan halklar ki 7 Ekim\u2019le birlikte uygulamada olan \u2014Araplar, T\u00fcrkler, Farslar ve K\u00fcrtler dahil\u2014 bu bo\u015flukta devlet\u00e7i entegrasyona eklemlenmektedir. Bu nedenle \u00d6nderlik \u2019in son hamlesi, K\u00fcrtleri devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir toplum olarak tan\u0131mlay\u0131p Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun demokratikle\u015fmesini sadece K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, K\u00fcrtlerin demokratik modernite \u00fcretme kapasitesi \u00fczerinden geli\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nderlik\u2019in tarihsel toplum okumas\u0131 bu noktada stratejik alternatif olu\u015fturur. Bu alternatif Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki stat\u00fckocu devletleri yaln\u0131zca s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmay\u0131 de\u011fil, demokratik toplumun \u00f6z \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle birlikte devletleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi, b\u00f6ylece hem devletleri tehdit olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 hem de K\u00fcrt stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kal\u0131c\u0131 ve me\u015fru bir zemine oturtmay\u0131 hedefler. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u0130brahim anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n fonksiyonel devlet modelinin \u00f6tesinde, hem b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren hem de ABD ve \u0130srail eksenine kar\u015f\u0131 demokratik bir se\u00e7enek yaratan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir yol sunar. Devletlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi ya da zay\u0131flamas\u0131 de\u011fil, demokratikle\u015ferek toplumsal sisteme eklemlenmesi esast\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece hem b\u00f6lge g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flan\u0131r hem de K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fc b\u00f6lgesel bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n kurucu unsuru haline gelir.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn siyasal ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u015fudur: Ulus-devletin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi halklar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirmez, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz halklar yeni entegrasyon mekanizmalar\u0131na \u00e7ekilerek bir y\u00fczy\u0131l daha kaybettirir. Demokratik ulus perspektifi, halklar\u0131n \u00f6znele\u015febilece\u011fi tek alternatiftir. Bu nedenle K\u00fcrt siyaseti halklarla stratejik ittifak, devletlerle taktik ili\u015fki \u00e7izgisini ancak ulusal birlik ve demokratik \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck temelinde anlaml\u0131 k\u0131labilir. Bu birlik kurulmad\u0131k\u00e7a K\u00fcrtler i\u015flevsel ama \u00f6zne olmayan unsurlar olarak kalacakt\u0131r. K\u00fcrt hareketleri d\u00f6rt par\u00e7ada direni\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc yaratsa da, ulusal d\u00fczeyde ortak stratejik ak\u0131l ve demokratik ulus kurumla\u015fmas\u0131 hen\u00fcz s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir d\u00fczeye ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eksiklik d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin i\u015flev y\u00fcklemesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmakta, K\u00fcrtleri avantaj de\u011fil kullan\u0131lan unsur haline getirmektedir. \u00d6znelle\u015fme sadece co\u011frafyan\u0131n de\u011fil, demokratik ulusun geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctsel akl\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 Sykes-Picot\u2019un g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f bi\u00e7imi de\u011fil, onun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra do\u011fan bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduran i\u015flev temelli bir entegrasyon modelidir. Bu yeni d\u00fczende as\u0131l soru \u015fudur: K\u00fcrdistan ge\u00e7i\u015f g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 m\u0131 olacak, yoksa demokratik ulus \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle kendi yolunu a\u00e7an bir \u00f6zne mi? Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 art\u0131k Washington\u2019da, Tahran\u2019da veya Ankara\u2019da de\u011fil, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n ortak akl\u0131nda, demokratik \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ve stratejik birli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
HAKKI TEK\u0130N<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, y\u00fczeyde haritalar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi ama devletlerin ve toplumlar\u0131n siyasal anlam\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yeniden yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce Sykes-Picot Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla in\u015fa edilen b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczen g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde h\u00e2l\u00e2 ayakta olsa da, bu d\u00fczenin \u00fczerine kurulu merkez\u00ee ulus-devlet mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Art\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar de\u011fi\u015fmeden devletlerin rolleri de\u011fi\u015fmekte, ulus-devletler g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezleri olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve ekonomik-ticari, g\u00fcvenlik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7974,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-demokratik-siyaset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8097,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8096\/revisions\/8097"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tirki.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}